Tinkering with the Unbearable Lightness of Being: Meditation, Mind-Body Medicine and Placebo in the Quantum Biology Age

Authors

  • Rajendra Bajpai North-Eastern Hill University
  • Ryan Burke Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Trevor Carniello Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Joseph Caswell Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Donald J. DeGracia Wayne State University
  • Larry Dossey Executive editor of Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing
  • Blake Dotta Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Lyndon Juden-Kelly Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Hideyuki Kokubo Meiji University, Toho University
  • Brian Millar JNL Associate Editor
  • Michael A. Persinger Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Matti Pitkanen JNL Associate Editor
  • Nicolas Rouleau Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Kevin Saroka Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Mandy A. Scott Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Lian Sidorov International Consciousness Research Labs
  • Linda St-Pierre Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Lucas Tessaro Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
  • Patrizio Tressoldi University of Padova; JNL Associate Editor
  • David Vares Neuroscience Research Group – Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Keywords:

meditation, physiological correlates, plasticity, epigenetics, low level laser therapy, biophotons, dosimetry, methodology, external qigong, remote metabolism, entanglement

Abstract

There are empirical indications that mind-body therapies have a nonlocal quantum component, in addition to the psychoneuroimmunological pathways that have been the focus of the predominant experimental paradigm.  The discussion below addresses the evidence and proposed theoretical mechanisms supporting this conclusion, and makes the case that there should be a convergence of research agendas between mind-body interventions (including placebo),  photomedicine and quantum biology.  Specifically, the role of endogenously generated biophotons in the regulation of genetic expression and the apparent ability of mental intent to direct biophoton emissions to specifically targeted tissues needs to be further evaluated from the perspective of photobiomodulation mechanisms, with a special focus on the spectroscopy and dosimetry of these emissions. Finally, the possible role of long-term meditation in enhancing quantum biological effects has to be further investigated at the level of cellular and macromolecular remodeling, both in the brain and the body.

References

QUANTUM BIOLOGY

Anil Ananthaswamy, Quantum entanglement holds together life's blueprint New Scientist, Vol. 207 #2769 July 17, 2010

Lambert, Neill, Yueh-Nan Chen, Yuan-Chung Cheng, Che-Ming Li, Guang-Yin Chen, and Franco Nori. "Functional quantum biology in photosynthesis and magnetoreception." arXiv preprint arXiv:1205.0883 (2012).

MIT Technology Review “Quantum Entanglement holds DNA together, say physicists” June 28, 2010 http://www.technologyreview.com/view/419590/quantum-entanglement-holds-dna-together-say-physicists/

Pitkanen, Matti (2013d) Are Dark Photons Behind Biophotons? Journal of Nonlocality Vol II, Nr 1, June 2013 http://journals.sfu.ca/jnonlocality/index.php/jnonlocality/article/view/31/27

Pitkanen, Matti (1985) Topological Geometrodynamics. III. Quantum Theory. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 25, Nr. 1, 1986 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00669712#page-1 Journal of Nonlocality, Vol. II, Nr. 1, June 2013 ISSN: 2167-6283

Pitkänen, M. (2000) Matter, Mind and Quantum: a Topological Geometrodynamics Perspective, in The Physical Nature of Consciousness, ed. Philip van Loocke. Advances in Consciousness Research series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam.

Pitkänen, M (2001), Biosystems as macroscopic quantum systems. CASYS'2000 conference proceedings. IJCAS (International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Systems), Vol 10, 2001, ed. D. Dubois.

Pitkanen, Matti (2012a) Quantum Mind in TGD Universe Journal of Nonlocality Vol I. Nr. 1 December 2012 http://journals.sfu.ca/jnonlocality/index.php/jnonlocality/article/view/17/17

Pitkanen, Matti (2013b) Comments on the recent experiments by the group of Michael Persinger Journal of Nonlocality Vol. II Nr. 1, June 2013 http://journals.sfu.ca/jnonlocality/index.php/jnonlocality/article/view/32/28

Pitkanen, Matti (2013c) Quantum Model for the Direct Currents of Becker Journal of Nonlocality, Vol. II, Nr. 1, June 2013 http://journals.sfu.ca/jnonlocality/index.php/jnonlocality/article/view/33/31

Vedral, Vlatko (2011) Living in a Quantum World. Scientific American, June 2011 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=living-in-a-quantum-world

Vedral, Vlatko (2010) Quantum physics: Hot entanglement. Nature 468, 769–770 December 2010

NONLOCAL INTERACTIONS – GENERAL REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES

Benor DJ, (2001). Spiritual Healing: Scientific Validation of a Healing Revolution, Southfield MI: Vision Publications

Buchanan, Lyn (2003) The Seventh Sense: The Secrets of Remote Viewing as Told by a "Psychic Spy" for the U.S. Military Simon & Schuster New York, NY 2003

Carter, Chris (2007) Parapsychology and the Skeptics: A Scientific Argument for the Existence of ESP SterlingHouse Books, Pittsburgh, PA 2007

Dossey, Larry (2013) One Mind: How Our Individual Mind Is Part of a Greater Consciousness and Why It Matters Hay House, New York, NY 2013

Jahn, R G and Dunne, B J (2005) The PEAR Proposition Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 195–245, 2005 http://www.icrl.org/pdf/PEARproposition.pdf

Jahn, R G and Dunne, B J (2011) Consciousness and the Source of Reality: The PEAR Odyssey. Princeton: The ICRL Press

Jahn, R G and Dunne, B J (2012) Quirks of the Quantum Mind. Princeton: The ICRL Press.

McMoneagle, Joseph (1997). Mind Trek: exploring consciousness, time and space through remote viewing. Hampton Roads Publishing, Charlottesville, VA 1997

McMoneagle, Joseph (2002) The Stargate chronicles: memoirs of a psychic spy. Hampton Roads Publishing, Charlottesville, VA 2002

McMoneagle, Joseph (2000). Remote Viewing Secrets: A Handbook. Hampton Roads Publishing, Charlottesville, VA 2000

Nelson, R. D.; Jahn, R. G.; Dunne, B. J.; Dobyns, Y. H. and Bradish, G. J. (1998). FieldREG II: Consciousness Field Effects: Replications And Explorations. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 12(3), 425-454

Radin, Dean (1997) The Conscious Universe HarperCollins Publishers New York, NY 1997

Radin, Dean (2006) Entangled Minds Simon & Schuster New York, NY 2006

Radin, Dean (2013) Supernormal. Random House, New York, NY 2013

Sheldrake, Rupert (1987) Mind, Memory, and Archetype Morphic Resonance and the Collective

Unconscious - Part I Psychological Perspectives (Spring 1987), 18(1),9-25 at

http://www.sheldrake.org/Articles&Papers/papers/morphic/pdf/morphic1_paper.pdf

Sheldrake, Rupert (1995a ) The Universal Organism. In Mishlove, Jeffrey, Thinking allowed:

Conversations on the Leading Edge of Knowledge (pp 65-74). Council Oak Books, Tulsa OK 1995

Sheldrake, Rupert (1995b) The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Habits of Nature Park Street Press, Rochester, VT 1995

Sheldrake, Rupert (1995c) A New Science of Life: the Hypothesis of Morphic Resonance Park Street

Press, Rochester, VT 1995

Sheldrake, Rupert (2002) Seven Experiments that Could Change the World Park Street Press, Rochester, VT 2002

Smith, Paul (2005) Reading the Enemy's Mind : Inside Star Gate - America's Psychic Espionage Program Tom Doherty Associates, New York, NY 2005

DISTANT MENTAL INTERACTIONS WITH LIVING SYSTEMS; DIRECTIONALITY AND TARGET SPECIFICITY

Bai F, Sun CL, Liu ZY, Shen JC, Shen YZ, Ge RC, et al. (2000). Seeds induced to germinate rapidly by mentally projected Qi energy are apparently genetically altered.” American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 28(1): 3-8.

Bengston WF, Krinsley D. (2000). The effect of the "laying on of hands" on transplanted breast cancer in mice. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 14(3):353-364.

Benor DJ, (2001). Spiritual Healing: Scientific Validation of a Healing Revolution, Southfield MI: Vision Publications

Braud, WG (1990). Distant mental influence of rate of hemolysis of human red blood cells, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1990, 84(1): 1-24.

Braud, WG (1990). Distant mental influence of rate of hemolysis of human red blood cells, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1990, 84(1): 1-24.

Chen K, Sidorov L, Dossey L, (2005). “Effects of intent and mental state on biological subjects: A review and its implications to medical research.” Medical Paradigm. 1(2)

Chen KW, Liu T, Zhang H, Lin Z An analytical review of the Chinese literature on Qigong therapy for diabetes mellitus. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(3):439-57.

Chen KW. An analytic review of studies on measuring effects of external QI in China. Altern Ther Health Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;10(4):38-50. Review.

Chen XJ, Gao QY, Jao XR, Zhang JM. (1990). Effects of emitted qi on inhibition of human NPC cell line and DNA synthesis. Third National Academic Conference on Qigong Science; 1990; Guangzhou, China.

Chen XJ, Li YQ, Liu GC & He BH, (1997). The inhibitory effects of Chinese Taiji Five Element Qigong on transplanted hepatocarcinoma in mice. Asian Medicine, Issue 11 (1997): 36-38.

Chen XJ, Yi Q, Liu KL & Zhang JM, (1995). Double-blinded study of the effect of qigong external qi on the human nose cancer cells in nude mice. p. 288 in Lin ZP (ed.) Understanding of True Qi Cultivation and Sublimation. Beijing: Chinese Publisher of Constructive Materials.

Chen, Kevin, and Raphael Yeung. Exploratory studies of qigong therapy for cancer in China. Integrative Cancer Therapies 1, no. 4 (2002): 345-370.

Chen XJ, Yi Q, Li YQ, He WM, Zhang JM, and Chen YS, (1996). Observations on the effect of the emitted qi on the reversion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line; p.108 in the Proceedings of the Third World Conference on Medical Qigong, Sept. 1996, Beijing, China

Chen YF (1993). Effect of emitted qi on agglutinating reaction of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell (SPC-A1) mediated by ConA; Beijing, China. 1993: 102.

Chen YF. (1998). Molecular biology study for the effect of qigong - outgoing qi with labeled biochemical factors on human body cancer cells the BEL - 7402 and SPC - A1; 7-th Int Sym on Qigong, Shanghai, China. 1998: 96.

Chen XJ, Li YQ, Liu GC & He BH, (1997). The inhibitory effects of Chinese Taiji Five Element Qigong on transplanted hepatocarcinoma in mice.” Asian Medicine, Issue 11 (1997): 36-38.

Chien CI; Tsuei JJ; Lee SC; Huang YC, and Wei YH (1991). Effect of emitted bioenergy on biochemical functions of cells. . American J. of Chinese Medicine; 19 (3-4):285-92;

Chu DY, He WG, Zhou YF & Chen BC, (1998). The effect of Chinese qigong on the conformation of biomolecule.” Chinese Journal of Somatic Science. 8(4): 155-159.

Chu DY, Wang WZ, He BH & Chen, K. (2001). The effect of external qi of qigong on bio-molecular conformation (III). Pp. 132-137 in Chez RA (ed.) Proceedings: Bridging Worlds and Filling Gaps in the Science of Healing. Hawaii, November 29-Dcember 3, 2001.

Feng LD, Bao GW, Qian JQ, Li SY. (1982). Observation of the effect of external qi on the Glen’s bacteria. The Nature Journal (Chinese), 5(9): 36.

Grad BR (1965). Some biological effects of laying-on of hands: A review of experiments with animals and plants. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. 59:95-127

Haid M & Huprikar S. (2001) Modulation of germination and growth of plants by meditation. American J Chinese Med 2001;29 (3-4):393-401

Hu G, Yi J et al. (1989). The effects of external qi on the germination of rice and wheat.” P.91 in Hu HC & Wu QY (eds) Paper Collections of Qigong Science. Vol I. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology Press.

Jia L, Jia JD, Lu DY (1988). Effects of emitted qi on ultrastructural changes of the overstrained muscle of rabbits. P.14 in The First World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong, Beijing China.

Jin AW et al. (1994). Biological effect of external qi on the germination of rice seed. Chinese Journal of Somatic Science, 4(4): 167-70.

Kido M and Sato T. (2001) Measurements of Biophysical and Mental Effects due to Remote Qi Healing. ISLIS Journal Vol. 19 Nr. 1, March 2001

Kimiko KAWANO, Mikio YAMAMOTO, Hideyuki KOKUBO, Masataka TANAKA, Tong ZHANG, Tomoko KOKADO and Takao SOMA EEG alpha Waves of a Receiver in a Remote Action Experiment-Part II J ISLIS 19-2 2001

Lee MS, Rim YH, Jeong DM, Kim MK, Joo MC, Shin SH. Nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability during Qi therapy (external Qigong). Am J Chin Med. 2005;33(4):579-88.

Lee MS, Kim MK, Lee YH. Effects of Qi-therapy (external Qigong) on cardiac autonomic tone: a randomized placebo controlled study. Int J Neurosci. 2005 Sep;115(9):1345-50.

Lee MS, Rim YH, Kang CW. Effects of external qi-therapy on emotions, electroencephalograms, and plasma cortisol. Int J Neurosci. 2004 Nov;114(11):1493-502.

Lei XF, Bi AH, Zhang ZX, Cheng ZY. The antitumor effects of qigong-emitted external Qi and its influence on the immunologic functions of tumor-bearing mice. J Tongji Med Univ. 1991;11(4):253-6.

Li CX, Liu ZY, Jin L, Zhou LY, Zhang K, Zhao TJ & Lu DY (1992). Preliminary exploration of the effect of external qi on the immune functional of mice with tumors. Chinese Journal of Somatic Science, 2(2): 67-71.

Liu ZR, Ren T, Ren JP, Zhang, ZX, (1993). Comparative study of emitted qi and physical-chemical factors on the protoplasmic mutagenesis of micromonospora echinospord; 2nd World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong. Beijing, China. 1993: 97.

Lu, ZY (1989). The effects of qi on biomolecules; 2nd Int Conf on Qigong, Xian, China. 1989: 359

McCraty Rollin, Ph.D. Mike Atkinson, and Dana Tomasino, B.A. Modulation of DNA Conformation by Heart-Focused Intention www.heartmath.org/research/research-intuition/Modulation_of_DNA.pdf OR http://www.heartmath.org/templates/ihm/e-newsletter/publication/2012/winter/emotions-can-change-your-dna.php

Miller RN, (1972). The positive effect of prayer on plants. Psychic, 3(5): 24-25.

Nicholas C, (1977). The effects of loving attention on plant growth, New England J. of Parapsychology, 1977, 1:19-24.

Nash, Carroll B. (1982). Psychokinetic control of bacterial growth. Journal of Society for Psychical Research. 51:217-221.

Nash, Carroll B., (1984). Test of psychokinetic control of bacterial mutation. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. 78(2):145-152.

Pan XK, (1995). The effect of external Qi on the seed of wheat. P.313 in Lin ZP (ed.) Understanding of True Qi Cultivation and Sublimation. Beijing: Chinese Publisher of Constructive Materials.

Pei HS et al. (1994). Preliminary observation of the effect of external Qi on the E-coli (C311). Chinese Journal of Somatic Science. 4(2): 83-85.

Rauscher EA and Rubik BA (1983). Human volitional effects on a model bacterial system. Psi Research. 1983, 2(1), 38-48.

Rein G and McCraty R, (1994), DNA as a detector of subtle energies. Proceedings of the 4th annual conf. of the ISSSEEM, Boulder, CO.

Rein Glen DNA as Antennae for Internal Qi: A New Bioenergetic Mechanism for Healing Disease 2nd World Congress Qigong

Saklani A. (1988). Preliminary tests for psi-ability in shamans of Garhwal Himalaya. J. of the Society for Psychical Research. 55(81), 60-70.

Saklani A. (1990). Psychokinetic effects on plant growth: further studies. In: Roll W, Morris R, Morris J, eds. Research in Parapsychology 1989. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press; 37-41.

Scofield, AM and Hodges, RD, (1991). Demonstration of a healing effect in the laboratory using a simple plant model. Journal of the society for Psychical Research. 57, 321-343.

Shah, Sonal, Alfred T. Ogden, Christian M. Pettker, Anthony Raffo, Silviu Itescu, and Mehmet C. Oz. "A study of the effect of energy healing on in vitro tumor cell proliferation." The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 5, no. 4 (1999): 359-365.

Shan LY, Sun Y, Zhang LY, Hu YJ, Li SP, Sun MY et al. (1990). Studies on the selection of antibiotic producing strains by treatment with qigong. 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou, China. 1990: 20.

Shao L, Zhang J, Chen L, Zhang X, Chen KW. Effects of external qi of qigong with opposing intentions on proliferation of Escherichia coli. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 May;15(5):567-71

Shao XM, Liu GC, Zhou QJ, Yu F, Xu HF, Xue HL, et al (1990). Effect of qigong waiqi (emitted qi) on the growth and differentiation of implanted tumor cells (in mice); 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou, China. 1990: 85.

Sidorov L and Chen K (2006) Biophysical Mechanisms of Genetic Regulation: Is There a Link to Mind-Body Healing? Journal of Nonlocality and Remote Mental Interactions IV-1, 2006

Sun CL, Liu CM, Shen ZQ, and Li XM (1990). Effect of Xiantian-ziran qigong on red blood cells; 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou, China. 1990: 48

Sun MY, Li SP, Meng GR, Cui YH, and Yan X, (1988). Effect of emitted qi on trace examination of UV spectroscopy on the DNA solution of fish sperm; 1st World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong. Beijing, China. 1988: 172.

Yan X, Shen H, Zaharia M, Wang J, Wolf D, Li F, Lee GD, Cao W. Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and insulin-like growth factor-I in YXLST-mediated neuroprotection. Brain Res. 2004 May 1;1006(2):198-206. Erratum in: Brain Res. 2004 May 22;1008 (2)299-300.

Yan X, Li F, Dozmorov I, Frank MB, Dao M, Centola M, Cao W, Hu D. External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong induces cell death and gene expression alterations promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and glucose metabolism in small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012 Apr;363(1-2):245-55.

Yan X, Shen H, Jiang H, Zhang C, Hu D, Wang J, Wu X. External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by inhibiting Akt and NF-kappa B pathways. Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Mar;310(1-2):227-34.

Yan X, Shen H, Jiang H, Zhang C, Hu D, Wang J, Wu X. External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong differentially regulates the Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways and is cytotoxic to cancer cells but not to normal cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38(12):2102-13.

Yan X, Shen H, Jiang H, Hu D, Wang J, Wu X. External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong inhibits activation of Akt, Erk1/2 and NF-ĸB and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2013;31(1):113-22..

Yan X, Shen H, Jiang H, Hu D, Zhang C, Wang J, Wu X. External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong Induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion of estrogen-independent breast cancer cells through suppression of Akt/NF-kB signaling. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2010;25(2-3):263-70.

Zhang Fengde Effect of emitted qi on the reaction of malate dehydrogenase 2nd World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong

Zhang FD, Zhao J, Yue HQ, Liu GQ, and Liu, A (1990). Study of molecular biology of functional mechanism of emitted qi on proteins; 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science Guangzhou, China. 1990: 62.

Zhou RH, Wu QY, Xie HZ, (1989). Study of the effect of external Qi on the growth of plants. P. 82 in Hu HC & Wu QY (eds) Paper Collections of Qigong Science. Vol I. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology Press.

MEDITATION-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION AND BRAIN ACTIVATION

Chien CI; Tsuei JJ; Lee SC; Huang YC, and Wei YH (1991). Effect of emitted bioenergy on biochemical functions of cells Am J Chin Med 19, no. 3-4 (1991)

Li QZ, Li P, Garcia GE, Johnson RJ, Feng L. (2005) Genomic profiling of neutrophil transcripts in Asian Qigong practitioners: a pilot study in gene regulation by mind-body interaction. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Feb;11(1):29-39

NIH (1992) Imagery. In: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons" - a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical Systems and Practices in the United States, 1992 http://www.naturalhealthnotebook.com/Alternative_Medicine/Mind-Body/imagery.htm

Qu, Su, Solveig Mjelstad Olafsrud, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda, and Fahri Saatcioglu. "Rapid gene expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes upon practice of a comprehensive yoga program." PloS one 8, no. 4 (2013): e61910.

Ravnik-Glavac M, Sonja Hrašovec, Jure Bon, Jurij Dreu, Damjan Glavac (2012) Genome-wide expression changes in a higher state of consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 21 (2012) 1322–1344

Rein G and McCraty R, (1994), DNA as a detector of subtle energies. Proceedings of the 4th annual conf. of the ISSSEEM, Boulder, CO.

Tomasino, Barbara, Sara Fregona, Miran Skrap, and Franco Fabbro. "Meditation-related activations are modulated by the practices needed to obtain it and by the expertise: an ALE meta-analysis study." Frontiers

in human neuroscience 6 (2012).

Wang, Danny JJ, Hengyi Rao, Marc Korczykowski, Nancy Wintering, John Pluta, Dharma Singh Khalsa, and Andrew B. Newberg. "Cerebral blood flow changes associated with different meditation practices and perceived depth of meditation." Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 191, no. 1 (2011): 60-67.

INTENT-DIRECTED LOCALIZATION OF BIOPHOTON EMISSIONS AND BRAIN ACTIVATION

Dotta, Blake T., Carly A. Buckner, Robert M. Lafrenie, and Michael A. Persinger. Photon emissions from human brain and cell culture exposed to distally rotating magnetic fields shared by separate light-stimulated brains and cells. Brain research 1388 (2011): 77-88.

Dotta, Blake T., Carly A. Buckner, Robert M. Lafrenie, and Michael A. Persinger. Photon emissions from human brain and cell culture exposed to distally rotating magnetic fields shared by separate light-stimulated brains and cells. Brain research 1388 (2011): 77-88

Kawano, K. Characterization of the EEG in Qigong and Hypnosis Journal of International Society of Life Information Science 16, no. 2 (1998): 218-229.

Kimiko KAWANO, Mikio YAMAMOTO, Hideyuki KOKUBO, Masataka TANAKA, Tong ZHANG, Tomoko KOKADO and Takao SOMA EEG alpha Waves of a Receiver in a Remote Action Experiment-Part II. JOURNAL-INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF LIFE INFORMATION SCIENCE19, no. 2 (2001)

Kwano, K., M. Yamamot, H. I. D. E. Y. U. K. I. Kokubo, M. A. S. A. T. A. K. A. Tanaka, T. Zhang, D. V. Parkomtchouk, T. Kokdado, H. Nakamura, and T. Soma. EEG alpha waves of a receiver in a remote action experiment. J. Int. Soc. Life Info. Sci 18 (2002): 395-397.

Kokubo H., Biophysical approach to psi phenomena. NeuroQuantology | March 2013 | Volume 11 | Issue 1| Page 8-15

Lin, S. Changes in mind-body functions associated with Qigong practice.(2004) J." Alt. & Compl. Med 10: 200.

Persinger MA, Koren SA, Tsang EW. Enhanced power within a specific band of theta activity in one person while another receives circumcerebral pulsed magnetic fields: a mechanism for cognitive influence at a distance? Percept Mot Skills. 2003 Dec

Persinger, Michael A., Eric W. Tsang, J. Nicholas Booth, and Stanley A. Koren. Enhanced Power within a Predicted Narrow Band of Theta Activity During Stimulation of Another By Circumcerebral Weak Magnetic Fields After Weekly Spatial Proximity: Evidence for Macroscopic Quantum Entanglement?. NeuroQuantology 6, no. 1 (2007).

Persinger, Michael A. & Christina F. Lavallee (2010) Theoretical and Experimental Evidence of Macroscopic Entanglement between Human Brain Activity and Photon Emissions: Implications for Quantum Consciousness and Future Applications. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research| October 2010 | Vol. 1 | Issue 7

Shealy, C. Norman, Timothy Smith, Saul Liss, and Vera Borgmeyer. "EEG Alterations During Absent" Healing". Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine Journal Archives 11, no. 3 (2000).

Tanaka, M., Nakamura, H., Kokubo, H., Chen, W., Zhang, T., Soma, T. and Yamamoto, M (2001) Measurements of hand temperature and physiology during Qi-emission imaging. Journal of ISLIS, 19(1) March 2001

MEDITATION-INDUCED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE AND EM EMISSION CHANGES.

Seto A, Kusaka C, Nakazato S, Huang WR, Sato T, Hisamitsu T, Takeshige C. Detection of extraordinary large bio-magnetic field strength from human hand during external Qi emission. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1992;17(2):75-94.

Syldona M, Rein G. The use of DC electrodermal potential measurements and healer's felt sense to assess the energetic nature of qi J Altern Complement Med. 1999 Aug;5(4):329-47.

BIOPHOTON EMISSION AND ALPHA PEAK FREQUENCY CHANGES IN LONG TERM MEDITATORS

Chiesa, Alberto, and Alessandro Serretti. "A systematic review of neurobiological and clinical features of mindfulness meditations." Psychological medicine 40.08 (2010): 1239-1252.

Kerr, Catherine E., Stephanie R. Jones, Qian Wan, Dominique L. Pritchett, Rachel H. Wasserman, Anna Wexler, Joel J. Villanueva et al. Effects of mindfulness meditation training on anticipatory alpha modulation in primary somatosensory cortex. Brain research bulletin 85, no. 3 (2011): 96-103.

.

Kimiko KAWANO, J.M.SHI and L.Y.DUAN The Frequency Change in Alpha Waves and the Appearance of theta Waves during Qigong and Meditation. JISLIS 14:1

Lin Shin. Changes in mind/body functions associated with qigong practice. Soc. Acupuncture Research, 10th Symposium, 2003

Mason LI, Alexander CN, Travis FT, Marsh G, Orme-Johnson DW, Gackenbach J, Mason DC, Rainforth M, Walton KG. Electrophysiological correlates of higher states of consciousness during sleep in long-term practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program. Sleep. 1997 Feb;20(2):102-10

Nakamura, H., Kokubo, H., Parkhomtchouk, D., Chen, W., Tanaka, M., Zhang, T., Kokado, T., Yamamoto, M. and Fukuda, N. (2000) Biophoton and temperature changes of human hand during Qigong. Journal of ISLIS 18(2) September 2000

Tsai, Jui-Feng, Shaw-Hwa Jou, WenChun Cho, and Chieh-Min Lin. "Electroencephalography when meditation advances: a case-based time-series analysis." Cognitive processing (2013): 1-6.

Van Wijk EP, Van Wijk R, Bajpai RP Quantum squeezed state analysis of spontaneous ultra weak light photon emission of practitioners of meditation and control subjects. Indian J Exp Biol. 2008 May;46(5):345-52.

Van Wijk EP, Koch H, Bosman S, Van Wijk R. Anatomic characterization of human ultra-weak photon emission in practitioners of transcendental meditation(TM) and control subjects. Journal: J Altern Complement Med 2006 Jan-Feb

PHOTOBIOLOGY

Photobiological Sciences Online

http://www.photobiology.info/#Physics

Hamblin, Michael R. (2008) Mechanisms of Low Level Light Therapy Photobiological Sciences Online

KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/

Huang, Ying-Ying, Aaron C-H. Chen, James D. Carroll, and Michael R. Hamblin. Biphasic dose response in low level lightherapy. Dose-Response 7, no. 4 (2009): 358-383.

Karu, Tiina I. (2011) Light Coherence. Is this Property Important for photomedicine? Photobiological Sciences Online (KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/

Karu, Tiina I. (2008) Action Spectra: Their Importance for Low Level Light Therapy Photobiological Sciences Online (KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/

Smith, Kendric C. (2013) Low-Level Laser or LED Therapy is Phototherapy Photobiological Sciences Online (KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/

ARGUMENTS FOR BIOPHOTON COHERENCE

Chwirot BW (2001) Ultraweak Luminescence as a source of information on biological systems. International Institute of Biophysics. www.datadiwan.de/iib/ib0601e_.htm

Gariaev PP, Vassiliev AA, Grigoriev KV, Poponin BP and Shcheglov VA (1992) The DNA phantom effect (1992) (Short Messages in Physics, FIAN #11-12, 1992; reviewed in MISAHA Newsletter #24-27, 1999)

Ho, M.-W. (1993) The rainbow and the worm: the physics of organisms, 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore

Ho, M.-W., Popp, F.-A. (1989) Gaia and the Evolution of Coherence. Presented at the 3rd Camelford Conference on the Implications of the Gaia Thesis: Symbiosis, Cooperativity and Coherence.

Popp, FA (1986) On the Coherence of Ultraweak Photon Emission from Living Tissues. In: C.W. Kilmister (ed.) Disequilibrium and Self-Organisation. Reidel

Popp FA, Chang J (1998) The Physical Background and the Informational Character of Biophoton Emission. In: Chang JJ, Fisch J, Popp F-A (eds) Biophotons. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht p 239

Popp, FA(1999) About the Coherence of Biophotons. In: Boston University and MIT (eds) Macroscopic Quantum Coherence, Proceedings of an International Conference of the Boston University. World Scientific www.datadiwan.de/iib/ib0204e_1.htm

Popp, FA Some Features of Biophotons and their Interpretation in Terms of Coherent States. International Institute of Biophysics. www.datadiwan.de/iib/ib0205e_1.htm

Popp FA (2002) Basic theory of Cancer Development and Defense, a presentation for the 11th International Conference "Biological Cancer Defense" in Heidelberg, Germany (May 3-5, 2002) International Institute of Biophysics www.lifescientists.de/publication/pub2002-05.htm

BIOPHOTON AND LLLT CHARACTERISTICS; BIOELECTROMAGNETICS AND WAVE GENOME REGULATORY MECHANISMS

Becker R. and Selden G (1985) The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life, 1st edn. Morrow, New York, NY

Ho, M.-W. (1993) The rainbow and the worm: the physics of organisms, 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore

Gariaev PG, Kaempf U, Marcer P J, Tertishny GG, Birshtein B, Iarochenko A, Leonova KA (2000) The DNA-wave Biocomputer. The fourth international conference on computing anticipatory systems (CASYS), Liege 2000. http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/cyber/dna.htm

Gariaev PP, Tertishny GG, Leonova EA (2002a) The wave, probabilistic and linguistic representations of cancer and HIV. J of Nonlocality and Remote Mental Interactions 1[2] www.emergentmind.org/gariaevI2.htm

Gariaev PP, Tertishny GG , Iarochenko AM, Maximenko VV, Leonova EA (2002b) The spectroscopy of biophotons in non-local genetic regulation. J of Nonlocality and Remote Mental Interactions 1[3] www.emergentmind.org/gariaevI3.htm

Gariaev PP, Chudin VI, Komissarov GG, Berezin AA, Vasiliev AA (1991) Holographic associative memory of biological systems. SPIE Vol. 1621 Optical Memory and Neural Networks

Reshetnyak SA, Shcheglov VA, Blagodatskikh VI, Gariaev PP, Maslov M. Yu. (1996) Mechanisms of Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with a Biosystem. Laser Physics 6[4]: 621

Joseph Tafur, M.D., Eduard P.A. Van Wijk, Ph.D., Roeland Van Wijk, Ph.D.,and Paul J. Mills, Ph.D. Biophoton Detection and Low-Intensity Light Therapy: A Potential Clinical Partnership Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 February; 28(1): 23–30.

BRAIN REMODELING WITH LONG-TERM MEDITATION

Increases in cortical thickness, changes in gray and white matter gray matter density in the brain stem, hippocampal and frontal areas

Kang, Do-Hyung, Hang Joon Jo, Wi Hoon Jung, Sun Hyung Kim, Ye-Ha Jung, Chi-Hoon Choi, Ul Soon Lee, Seung Chan An, Joon Hwan Jang, and Jun Soo Kwon. "The effect of meditation on brain structure: cortical thickness mapping and diffusion tensor imaging." Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 8, no. 1 (2013): 27-33.

Lazar, Sara W., Catherine E. Kerr, Rachel H. Wasserman, Jeremy R. Gray, Douglas N. Greve, Michael T. Treadway, Metta McGarvey et al. "Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness." Neuroreport 16, no. 17 (2005): 1893.

Luders E, T. A. W. Toga, Lepore N, Gaser C. (2009). The underlying anatomical correlates of long-term meditation: larger hippocampal and frontal volumes of gray matter. Neuroimage, 45(3), 672–8.

Luders E, Phillips OR, Clark K, Kurth F, Toga AW, Narr KL Bridging the hemispheres in meditation: thicker callosal regions and enhanced fractional anisotropy (FA) in long-term practitioners. Neuroimage. 2012a May 15;61(1):181-7

Luders, Eileen, Kristi Clark, Katherine L. Narr, and Arthur W. Toga. "Enhanced brain connectivity in long-term meditation practitioners." Neuroimage 57, no. 4 (2011): 1308-1316.

Luders, Eileen, Paul M. Thompson, Florian Kurth, Jui‐Yang Hong, Owen R. Phillips, Yalin Wang, Boris A. Gutman, Yi‐Yu Chou, Katherine L. Narr, and Arthur W. Toga. "Global and regional alterations of hippocampal anatomy in long‐term meditation practitioners." Human Brain Mapping (2012b).

Vestergaard-Poulsen P, van B. M., Skewes J, Bjarkam CR, Stubberup M, Bertelsen J, Roepstorff A. (2009). Long-term meditation is associated with increased gray matter density in the brain stem. Neuroreport, 20(2), 170–4.

Effects of meditation experience on functional connectivity of distributed brain networks.

Hasenkamp W, Barsalou LW. Neuroplasticity, Psychosocial Genomics, and the Biopsychosocial Paradigm in the 21st Century http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2933650/

Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Rawlings, N. B., Ricard, M., & Davidson, R. J. (2004). Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(46), 16369–16373.

EEG-BIOPHOTON-MICROTUBULE CONFORMATION AXIS; CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION

Dotta, B.T., Buckner, C.A., Lafrenie, R.M. and Persinger, M.A. (2011) Photon emissions from human brain and cell culture exposed to distally rotating magnetic fields shared by separate light-stimulated brains and cells. Brain Research, 388, 77-88.

Dotta, B. T., K. S. Saroka, and Michael A. Persinger. "Increased photon emission from the head while imagining light in the dark is correlated with changes in electroencephalographic power: Support for Bókkon's biophoton hypothesis." Neuroscience letters 513, no. 2 (2012): 151-154

Fels D (2009) Cellular Communication through Light. PLoS ONE 4(4): e5086. April 1, 2009

Mayburov, S. N. "Photonic communications and information encoding in biological systems." arXiv preprint arXiv:1205.4134 (2012).

Nakamura, H., Kokubo, H., Parkhomtchouk, D., Chen, W., Tanaka, M., Zhang, T., Kokado, T., Yamamoto, M. and Fukuda, N. (2000) Biophoton and temperature changes of human hand during Qigong. Journal of ISLIS 18(2) September 2000

Rahnama, Majid, Jack Tuszynski, Vahid Salari, Michal Cifra, Istvan Bokkon, and Peyman Sardar. Emission of Biophotons and Neural Activity of the Brain. CERN No. arXiv: 1012.3371. 2010

Rahnama, Majid, Jack A. Tuszynski, Istvan Bokkon, Michal Cifra, Peyman Sardar, and Vahid Salari. "Emission of mitochondrial biophotons and their effect on electrical activity of membrane via microtubules." Journal of integrative neuroscience 10, no. 01 (2011): 65-88.

Sun, Yan, Chao Wang, and Jiapei Dai. "Biophotons as neural communication signals demonstrated by in situ biophoton autography." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 9, no. 3 (2010): 315-322.

Tanaka, M., Nakamura, H., Kokubo, H., Chen, W., Zhang, T., Soma, T. and Yamamoto, M (2001) Measurements of hand temperature and physiology during Qi-emission imaging. Journal of ISLIS, 19(1) March 2001

Van Wijk, Roeland, Saskia Bosman, John Ackerman, and Eduard Van Wijk. "Correlation between Fluctuations in Human Ultra-weak Photon Emission and EEG Alpha Rhythm." NeuroQuantology 6, no. 4 (2008).

PLACEBO

Hall KT, Lembo AJ, Kirsch I, Ziogas DC, Douaiher J, et al. (2012) Catechol-O-Methyltransferase val158met Polymorphism Predicts Placebo Effect in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. PLoS ONE 7(10): e48135. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048135

Jung, Ye-Ha, Do-Hyung Kang, Min Soo Byun, Geumsook Shim, Soo Jin Kwon, Go-Eun Jang, Ul Soon Lee, Seung Chan An, Joon Hwan Jang, and Jun Soo Kwon. "Influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and catechol O-methyl transferase polymorphisms on effects of meditation on plasma catecholamines and stress." Stress 15, no. 1 (2012): 97-104.

ENERGY AND METABOLISM

Sidorov Lian, Matti Pitkanen, Kean Hin Ooi (2013) Bigu State: Can Meditation Trigger Alternate Metabolic Pathways Through Epigenetic Changes? J of Nonlocality preprints, August 2013

http://journals.sfu.ca/jnonlocality/public/journals/1/PREPRINTS/BiguStudy081413r.pdf

D. Robson (2008) Researchers Seek to Demystify the Metabolic Magic of Sled Dogs.

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/science/06dogs.html?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Hammerschlag R, Jain S, Baldwin AL, Gronowicz G, Lutgendorf SK, Oschman JL, Yount GL. Biofield Research: A Roundtable Discussion of Scientific and Methodological Issues . THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE Volume 18, Number 12, 2012, pp. 1081–1086

Kokubo H., Biophysical approach to psi phenomena. NeuroQuantology | March 2013 | Volume 11 | Issue 1| Page 8-15

Kokubo, H, Yamamoto, M, Kawano, K. Evaluation of non-contact healing using biophotons. Journal ofInternational Society of Life Information Science 2006; 24(2):

Kokubo, H, Yamamoto, M. Discussion on standard evaluation method of non-contact healing using biophotons -Normality of J value and comparing non-contact healing with thermal/lighting conditions. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science 2007a; 25(2): 219-232.

Kokubo, H Yamamoto, M. Discussions on characteristic points of healers and ways - Study of non-contact healing using biophotons. Japanese Journal of Parapsychology 2007b; 12: 32-39

Kokubo, H, Yamamoto, M, Kawano, K. Aging develops a person’s spiritual healing ability for pain -Application of standard evaluation method of noncontact healing using biophotons. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science 2007; 25(1): 40-62.

Kokubo, H, Yamamoto, M. Controlled healing power and ways of non-contact healing. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science 2009; 27(1): 90-105.

Monzillo E, Gronowicz G. New insights on therapeutic touch: a discussion of experimental methodology and design that resulted in significant effects on normal human cells and osteosarcoma. Explore . 2011 Jan-Feb;7(1):44-51

Yount Garrett, PhD, Shrikant Patil, BDS, Umang Dave, BS, Leonardo Alves-dos-Santos, BS, Kimberly Gon, BS,Robert Arauz, BS, and Kenneth Rachlin, MS Evaluation of Biofield Treatment Dose and Distance in a Model of Cancer Cell death. Altern Complement Med. 2013 February; 19(2): 124–127.

Downloads

Published

2013-12-27