Multidimensional Vulnerability Mapping Using GIS and Catastrophe Theory

Abstract

This paper presents a new method for evaluating vulnerability in several dimensions by combining Catastrophe Theory with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research investigates vulnerability in three districts in Selangor, Malaysia: Hulu Langat, Sepang, and Kuala Langat. The study analyzes vulnerability across six dimensions, namely social, economic, physical, institutional, environmental, and cultural. The evaluation utilizes ArcGIS 10.8 and a data-driven Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology to generate geographical vulnerability maps. The methodology utilizes Catastrophe Theory, a mathematical framework proficient in understanding abrupt changes in intricate systems, and GIS, a potent tool for studying and visualizing geographic data. These tools work together to help identify important thresholds and tipping points in systems that are prone to disasters, which improves our understanding of how vulnerability changes over time. The studied area contains a historical record of many disasters, encompassing floods, landslides, storms, and forest fires. The 2021 flood, which was the most severe in the area's history, emphasized the necessity for a comprehensive risk assessment. The study's findings demonstrate the heterogeneity in vulnerability across the six categories, offering crucial insights for the management of disaster risk. The results illustrate the efficacy of this integrated approach in comprehending the multifaceted essence of vulnerability. The created multidimensional vulnerability maps provide valuable information for policymakers, planners, and emergency responders. These maps enable focused interventions and enhance resilience. The study emphasizes the significance of improving institutional capacities, economic robustness, and community readiness in order to minimize the effects of disasters. This research makes a substantial contribution to the field of disaster risk management by offering an innovative methodology for assessing vulnerability. This methodology has wide-ranging applications in the areas of disaster prevention and mitigation.