Power effects, normalising advice and evolving knowledge of doctoral writing

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31468/dwr.989

Keywords:

duoethnography, advice, power, knowledge, normalisation, academic literacies

Abstract

Prescriptive advice about doctoral writing often fails to recognise the complexities of the doctoral journey. Linguistic and cultural backgrounds are negated where advice about writing converges around a norm. In this paper, we explore the role of ‘advice’ in our growth as thesis writers by examining our literacy history and tensions we faced while writing our theses. We pursue a duoethnographic process (Sawyer & Norris, 2013), a process that facilitates the construction and reconstruction of perspectives. From our differing backgrounds, we experienced discourses of ‘advice’ in alternative ways. We identify opposing 'advice' trends which, in turn, provided a space for our agency.  Inspired by Foucault’s (1977) ‘power/knowledge’ we think of past experiences and encounters along our doctoral journey as power effects which shaped our views on advice. We conclude by outlining how insights for our teacher-selves inform how we speak about impacts and advice with doctoral students.     

References

Aitchison, C., & Guerin, C. (Eds.). (2014). Writing groups for doctoral education and beyond: Innovations in practice and theory. Routledge.

Blommaert, J., & Horner, B. (2017). Mobility and academic literacies: An epistolary conversation. London Review of Education, 15(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.18546/LRE.15.1.02

Cheng, A. (2018). Genre and graduate-level research writing. The University of Michigan.

Cotterall, S. (2011). Doctoral students writing: Where's the pedagogy? Teaching in Higher Education, 16(4), 413-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2011.560381

Cotterall, S. (2013). More than just a brain: Emotions and the doctoral experience. Higher Education Research and Development, 32(2), 174-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2012.680017

Curry, M. J., & Lillis, T. (2022). Multilingualism in academic writing for publication: Putting English in its place. Language Teaching, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444822000040

Flowerdew, J. (2011). Reconciling contrasting approaches to genre analysis: The whole can equal more than the sum of the parts. In D., Belcher, A. M., John, & B. Paltridge (Eds). New directions in English for specific purposes research. University of Michigan Press. pp.119-144.

Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge. Pantheon Books.

Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Vintage Books.

Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the self. In L. Martin, H. Gutman, & P. Hutton, (Eds.), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault. University of Massachusetts Press.

Foucault, M. (1994). Des Traveaux. In Dits et ecrits. Gallimard.

Foucault, M. (2004). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France. Palgrave Macmillan.

Hemmings, C. (2012) Affective solidarity: Feminist reflexivity and political transformation. Feminist Theory 13(2): 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700112442643

Holland, D., Lachiocotte, W., Skinner, D. and Cain, C. (1998). Identity and agency in cultural worlds. Harvard University Press.

Holliday, A. (2006). Native-speakerism. ELT Journal, 60(4), 385-387. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccl030

Ivanič, R. (1998). Writing and identity: The discoursal construction of identity in academic writing. John Benjamins.

Jenkin, J. (2014). English as a lingua franca in the international university: The politics of academic English language policy. Routledge.

Kachru, B. B. (1990). World Englishes and applied linguistics. World Englishes, 9(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1990.tb00683.x

Kamler, B., & Thomson, P. (2008). The failure of dissertation advice books: Toward alternative pedagogies for doctoral writing. Educational Researcher, 37(8), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0013189X08327390

Kamler, B., & Thomson, P. (2014). Helping doctoral students write: Pedagogies for supervision. Routledge.

Kendall, G., & Wickham, G. (1999). Using Foucault’s methods. Sage Publications

Kim, M., & Belcher, D. D. (2018). Building genre knowledge in second language writers during study abroad in higher education. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 35, 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.06.006

Krammer, D., & Mangiardi, R. (2012). The hidden curriculum of schooling: A duoethnographic exploration of what schools teach us about schooling. In J. Norris, R.D. Sawyer & D. Lund (Eds.), Duoethnography: Dialogic methods for social, health, and educational research, pp. 41-70. Routledge

Kubota, R., & Takeda, Y. (2021). Language‐in‐education policies in Japan versus transnational workers’ Voices: Two faces of neoliberal communication competence. TESOL Quarterly, 55(2), 458-485. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.613

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.

Leach, E. (2021). The Fractured “I”: An Autoethnographic account of a part-time doctoral student’s experience with scholarly identity formation. Qualitative Inquiry, 27(3–4), 381–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800420918895

Lillis, T., & Scott, M. (2007). Defining academic literacies research: Issues of epistemology, ideology and strategy. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 5-32. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.v4i1.5

Lynch, K. (2012). On the market: Neoliberalism and new managerialism in Irish education. Social Justice Series, 2(5), 88-102.

Maher, D., Seaton, L., McMullen, C., Fitzgerald, T., Otsuji, E., & Lee, A. (2008). ‘Becoming and being writers’: The experiences of doctoral students in writing groups. Studies in Continuing Education, 30(3), 263–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/01580370802439870

Morrissey, J. (2015). Regimes of performance practices of the normalised self in the neoliberal university. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 36(4), 614-634. https://doi:10.1080/01425692.2013.838515

Norris, J., & Sawyer, R. D. (2012). Toward a dialogic methodology. In J. Norris, R.D. Sawyer & D. Lund (Eds.), Duoethnography: Dialogic methods for social, health, and educational research, pp. 9-39. Routledge.

Oswald, A. G., Bussey, S., Thompson, M., & Ortega-Williams, A. (2022). Disrupting hegemony in social work doctoral education and research: Using autoethnography to uncover possibilities for radical transformation. Qualitative Social Work, 21(1), 112-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325020973342

Paltridge, B., & Starfield, S. (2007). Thesis and dissertation writing in a second language: A handbook for supervisors. Routledge.

Pennycook, A. (2007). Global Englishes and transcultural flows. Routledge.

Sawyer, R. D., & Norris, J. (2013). Duoethnography: Understanding qualitative research. Oxford University Press.

Snipes, J. T., & LePeau, L. A. (2017). Becoming a scholar: A duoethnography of transformative learning spaces. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 30(6), 576-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1269972

Starke-Meyerring, D. (2011). The paradox of writing in doctoral education: Student experiences. In L. McAlpine, & C. Amundsen (Eds.), Doctoral education: Research-based strategies for doctoral students, supervisors and administrators (pp. 75-95). Springer.

Starke-Meyerring, D., Paré, A., Sun, K. Y., & El-Bezre, N. (2014). Probing normalized institutional discourses about writing: The case of the doctoral thesis. Journal of Academic Language & Learning, 8(2), A13–A27.

Tapia, C., & Stewart, N. (2022). Doctoral students’ collaborative practices in developing writer identities. Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie, 32, 237-261. https://doi.org/10.31468/dwr.929

Tardy, C. M. (2009). Building genre knowledge. Parlor Press.

Tardy, C. M. (2016). Beyond convention: Genre innovation in academic writing. University of Michigan Press.

Tardy, C. M., Sommer-Farias, B., & Gevers, J. (2020). Teaching and researching genre knowledge: Toward an enhanced theoretical framework. Written Communication, 37(3), 287-321.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0741088320916554

Vygotsky, L. S. (1994). The problem of the environment. In R. Van der Veer & J. Valsiner (Eds.), The Vygotsky reader (pp. 338-354). Blackwell.

Downloads

Published

2023-02-10

How to Cite

Gormley, K., & Mochizuki, N. (2023). Power effects, normalising advice and evolving knowledge of doctoral writing. Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie, 33, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.31468/dwr.989

Issue

Section

Major Article