ENERGETIC COSTS AND STRATEGIES OF POST‐JUVENAL MOLT IN AN EQUATORIAL BIRD, THE RUFOUS‐COLLARED SPARROW (ZONOTRICHIA CAPENSIS)

Authors

  • Frances Bonier Queen's University, Department of Biology, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. Virginia Tech, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.
  • Paul R Martin Queen's University, Department of Biology, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
  • Thomas W Small Virginia Tech, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA. University of Memphis, Department of Biology, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA.
  • Julie E Danner Virginia Tech, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
  • Raymond M Danner Virginia Tech, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, 28403, USA
  • William A Nelson Queen's University, Department of Biology, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
  • Ignacio T Moore Virginia Tech, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v29i2.190

Keywords:

Energetic costs, Feather growth, Latitude, Post‐juvenal molt, Rufous‐collared Sparrow

Abstract

Abstract  ∙ Many tropical birds have slow‐paced life history strategies, exhibiting lower metabolic rates, reduced annual investment in reproduction, and longer lifespans relative to birds at higher latitudes. Life history strategies have been relatively well documented in adult individuals in the tropics, but we know comparatively little about the immature life history stage. Here we examine strategies of feather replacement (molt) and fattening in immature Rufous‐collared Sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) in a high elevation equatorial population, following a parallel, previous study on an arctic congener, the White‐crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). In captivity, Rufous‐ collared Sparrows incurred energetic costs of experimentally induced feather growth, similar to those previously described for Zonotrichia at higher latitudes. In contrast, free‐ranging immature Rufous‐collared Sparrows in natural molt had fat stores that declined over time, opposite to patterns evident in arctic Zonotrichia that fatten before migration. Equatorial birds in good condition molted more heavily (controlling for fat stores), suggesting that body condition limits the intensity of molt. Heavily molting equatorial sparrows also had lower amounts of fat (controlling for body condition), suggesting a trade‐off between allocation of resources to fat stores versus feather growth. Molt progressed slowly in Rufous‐collared Sparrows relative to previously described patterns in their arctic congener, which is concordant with a slower pace‐of‐life syndrome in tropical, as compared with high latitude, birds.

 

Resumen ∙ Costos energéticos y estrategias de muda post‐juvenil en un ave ecuatorial, el Chingolo (Zonotrichia capensis) Muchas especies de aves tropicales presentan historias de vida lenta, exhibiendo bajas tasas metabólicas, esfuerzo reproductivo anual reducido, y mayor longevidad que las especies que habitan en latitudes más altas. La variación en historia de vida en especies tropicales ha sido bien documentada para individuos adultos, pero sabemos comparativa‐ mente poco de los individuos inmaduros. Aquí estudiamos las estrategias de muda y deposición de grasa en individuos inmaduros de Chingolo (Zonotrichia capensis) en una población ecuatorial de altura y comparamos los resultados con un estudio similar realizado en una población ártica del congénere Chingolo Coroniblanco (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). En cautiverio, individuos juveniles de Z. capensis incurrieron costos energéticos debidos a la muda inducida, similar lo encontrado en Z. leucophrys gambelii. En contraste, Z. capensis inmaduros mudando en libertad presentaron depósitos de grasa que disminuyeron a lo largo del tiempo, lo opuesto a Z. l. gambelii, que deposita más grasa antes de migrar. Z. capensis inmaduros en buen estado nutricional (controlando por diferencias en deposición de grasa) mudaron de manera más intensa, lo que sugiere que el estado nutricional limita la muda. Individuos inmaduros de Z. capensis mudando de manera intensa presentaron menor cantidad de grasa depositada (controlando por diferencias en estado nutricional), lo que sugiere un balance entre la deposición de grasa y la muda. La muda fue más lenta en la población ecuatorial de Z. capensis comparado con la de Z. l. gambelii, lo que concuerda con lo esperado debido a la historia de vida más lenta en aves tropicales.

Author Biography

Frances Bonier, Queen's University, Department of Biology, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. Virginia Tech, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.

Assistant Professor

Biology Department

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Published

20-05-2018